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The Bombay Riots usually refers to the riots in Mumbai, in December 1992 and January 1993, in which around 900 people died. The riots were mainly due to escalations of hostilities after large scale protests (initially peaceful then turned violent) by Muslims in reaction to 1992 Babri Masjid Demolition by Hindu Karsevaks in Ayodhya.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CHAPTER I )〕 An investigative commission was formed under Justice B.N. Srikrishna, but the recommendations of the Inquiry were not enforced.〔 According to the Srikrishna Commission report, the causes of these riots were listed as # Class Conflict # Economic Competition # Decline of employment # Population density # changing political discourse. The immediate causes were listed as # the demolition of Babri Masjid # the aggravation of Muslim sentiments by the Hindus with their celebration rallies # the insensitive and harsh approach of the police while handling the protesting mobs which initially were not violent.〔 Many scholars stated that the riots were pre-planned, and that the Hindu rioters were granted access to information about the locations of Muslim homes and businesses through sources that were not public.〔Chris Ogden. A Lasting Legacy: The BJP-led National Democratic Alliance and India's Politics. Journal of Contemporary Asia. Vol. 42, Iss. 1, 2012〕 The violence was widely reported as having been orchestrated by the Shiv Sena, a Hindu-nationalist political party in Maharashtra. A high-ranking member of the special branch later stated that the police were fully aware of the Shiv Sena's capabilities to commit acts of violence, and that they had incited hate against the minority communities. Historian Barbara Metcalf has stated that the riots were anti-Muslim pogrom. The riots were followed by a retaliatory 12 March 1993 Bombay Bombings, perpetuated by criminal groups with alleged help of ganglord Dawood Ibrahim and his D-Company syndicate, in which more than 300 people were killed.〔(ERCES Online Quarterly Review ) Religious Identity of the Perpetrators and Victims of Communal Violence in Post-Independence India〕 ==History== The riots started as a result of communal tension prevailing in the city after the Babri Mosque demolition on 6 December 1992. The Shrikrishna Commission identified two phases to the riots. ''The first'' was mainly a Muslim backlash as a result of the Babri Masjid demolition in the week immediately succeeding 6 December 1992 led by political leaders representing Hindutva in the city of Ayodhya. ''The second phase'' was a Hindu backlash occurring as a result of the killings of Hindu Mathadi Kamgar (workers) by Muslim fanatics in Dongri (an area of South Bombay), stabbing of Hindus in Muslim majority areas and burning of six Hindus, including a physically handicapped girl in Radhabai Chawl. This phase occurred in January 1993, with most incidents reported between 6 and 20 January. The Report asserted that the communal passions of the Hindus were aroused to fever pitch by the inciting writings in print media, particularly Saamna and Navaakal which gave exaggerated accounts of the Mathadi murders and the Radhabai Chawl incident; rumours were floated that there were imminent attacks by Muslims using sophisticated arms, though the possibility of it happening was very imminent. From 8 January 1993, many riots occurred between Hindus led by the Shiv Sena and the Muslims funded by the Mumbai underworld at that time. The communal violence and rioting triggered off by the burning at Dongri and Radhabhai Chawl and then the retaliatory violence by Shiv Sena was hijacked by local criminal elements who saw in it an opportunity to make quick gains. By the time the Shiv Sena realised that enough had been done by way of "retaliation", the violence and rioting was beyond the control of its leaders who had to issue an appeal to put an end to it.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bombay Riots」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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